Oedema during Pregnancy – a TCM Viewpoint

What is Oedema?

Oedema is the term used to describe the build-up of excess fluid in the body’s tissues. In pregnancy, subcutaneous oedema—fluid retention beneath the skin—is a common and typically harmless symptom that often appears in the later stages. It usually presents as swelling or puffiness, particularly in the hands, feet, and ankles. This swelling tends to worsen toward the end of the day, especially in warmer weather or after standing for extended periods, due to the effect of gravity on circulating fluids. Fortunately, the swelling generally subsides overnight with rest.

Western Medicine View of Oedema

Mild oedema is considered a normal physiological response to the increased blood volume and fluid changes that occur during pregnancy. However, certain signs should prompt further medical assessment. If the swelling is persistent, does not reduce with rest, or is accompanied by sudden weight gain or puffiness in the face, it may indicate a more serious condition.

One concern is the potential development of pregnancy-induced hypertension, or preeclampsia—a serious condition marked by high blood pressure and the presence of protein in the urine. If preeclampsia is suspected, close medical monitoring is essential. In some cases, early delivery may be necessary to prevent the progression to eclampsia and protect both mother and baby.

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) View of Oedema

Swelling in the limbs during pregnancy is often associated with fluid imbalance in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), particularly due to Spleen Yang deficiency. In TCM theory, the Spleen is responsible for the transformation and transportation of fluids. When its Yang (warming) energy is deficient, fluid metabolism slows down, leading to accumulation and oedema. This is often compounded by Kidney Yang deficiency, as the Kidney’s Yang energy helps warm and activate the Spleen’s functions.

Signs of Spleen Yang deficiency:

• Swelling in the hands and feet
• Bloating or fullness after eating
• Poor appetite
• Low energy and a sense of heaviness, especially in the limbs
• Loose stools
• Feeling cold
• A pale, swollen tongue with a moist coating
• A slow or weak pulse

Signs of Kidney Yang Deficiency:

• Oedema in the extremities
• Sensitivity to cold, especially in the lower body
• Cold hands and feet
• Fatigue and low vitality
• Weakness or dull aching in the lower back
• A pale tongue
• A deep, slow, or weak pulse

If you’re experiencing any of the above symptoms, acupuncture can help support your body’s natural processes and fluid metabolism. In many cases, fluid retention naturally subsides after childbirth.

Self-care Tips for Managing Oedema During Pregnancy

• Rest and Elevation: Avoid prolonged standing or sitting. When resting, keep your legs elevated to encourage fluid return.
• Ankle Mobility: Gently rotate your ankles five times in each direction whenever you’re seated to promote peripheral circulation.
• Compression Stockings: Maternity support stockings can help reduce ankle swelling. For best results, wear them first thing in the morning and remove them before bed.
• Footwear & Accessories: Wear supportive, comfortable shoes and avoid tight rings or restrictive clothing around the limbs.

To assist the body in managing fluid retention, incorporate foods that gently drain dampness and support Spleen and Kidney function. These may include:

• Fruits & Vegetables: Corn, celery, lettuce, watercress, grapes, mandarins, oranges, mangoes, watermelon
• Legumes &Grains: Azuki beans, lentils, peas, barley (barley tea is particularly helpful)
• Proteins: Sardines and other small oily fish
• Herbal teas: Jasmine tea and Barley tea

Maintaining a balanced, warm, and easy-to-digest diet can greatly support your overall energy and fluid metabolism during pregnancy.

Do you need help with Oedema during your Pregnancy?

At Natural Solutions Acupuncture we have a keen interest in supporting women through pregnancy. You can make a booking online here or give us a call on 0414 067 874.

This blog post was written by Dr. Wendy Le (TCM).

References

Betts, D. (2006). Acupuncture In Pregnancy & Childbirth: Chapter 17 Oedema. The Journal of Chinese Medicine.